Ethical Dilemma In Health Care Essays Text

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Ethical dilemmas in global health care: cosmetic surgery on children grand canyon university november 13, 2011 ethical dilemmas in global health care: cosmetic surgery on children nationally and internationally public awareness and concerns regarding cosmetic surgery on children is increasing kitiparnchai then, 2011. The united states of america had over 36,0 cosmetic procedures on children just in 2009 kitiparnchai then, 2011. These elective cosmetic procedures include: rhinoplasty, breast augmentation, otoplasty, liposuction, tummy tucks, and westernizing eye surgery blepharoplasty for asian children kitiparnchai then, 2011 ouellette, 2009. Blephroplasty widens the eyes of asians, and is even performed on newborns ouellette, 2009. There is no specific law that blocks the use of plastic surgery on children ouellette, 2009. The american academy of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery code of ethics states merely that surgical operation should not be performed if it is not calculated to improve or benefit the patient ouellette, 2009.

The australian medical association position statement on body image and health states that patients under 18 years of age should not have procedures to modify or enhance physical appearance, unless it is in their medical and or psychological interest kitiparnchai then, 2011, p. 514.there is no explanation by either of these entities on how we should determine if it is in their medical and or psychological interest, or how to quantify calculating improving or benefiting the child. The law supports a parental right to make choices for their children, and presumes that their decision is in the best interest of the child ouellette, 2009. She goes on to explain that owners may destroy their property but trustees are legally obligated to protect what they hold in trust ouellette, 2009 the ethical dilemma described herein centers upon the question of whether a nurse caring for a patient with stomach ulcers whose relatives have requested an early release prior to treatment completion for financial reasons should intervene in this decision.

Using the deontological ethical theory of a duty of care, a response on the part of a nurse to this request is presented. The report explores options other than remaining in the hospital and offers a literature based foundation for the intervention decision undertaken by the nurse. Intervening in a health care ethical issue health care providers face multiple challenges as they attempt not only to develop the most appropriate treatments and interventions for patients based on a respect for patient autonomy and rights, but on their recognition that patients may have conflicting needs and interests that affect their health care choices. As noted by zussman 2004 , making ethical decisions in this challenging field requires a recognition that best practices in medicine may at times conflict with the needs, desires, or interests of patients. Consequently, it is often necessary to adjust treatment expectations and protocols to reflect patients' interests and needs.

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The ethical issue under discussion herein involves the case of a male patient suffering from a stomach ulcer who was hospitalized and received admittedly costly treatment for his condition. Concerned about the rising costs of the care being given to this older man, his relatives expressed a determination to abandon treatment, bring the patient back home, and employ the power of their religious beliefs and prayer to assist him in recovery. Unfortunately, the patient was still undergoing treatment and the dilemma presented to me and other providers was whether or not to tacitly accept this decision or health care ethical issues to encourage the patient's relatives to consider other al. All civilization has faced health challenges from ancient times to the present. In traditional practice, ethicist usually used casuistry case based approach as a method of analysis for centuries in jewish medical ethics. Therapeutic paternalism assumed as usual practice by most health care pros and their patient's believed that whatever done by health care team will be better for them. Hence, the queries of medical ethics have been argued since the early development of western medicine.

Ethics is a philosophical approach that covers entire associations of belongings and involved with good and bad, moral duty, obligations and values lindberg, j.b. Potter and perry, 2010 present that it is a human fundamental right and moral decisions in health care should be practiced by four principles. An ethical dilemma arises when the clients and health care providers differ in their understanding of what is right or wrong narrigan, 2004. As nurses we often deal with ethical dilemmas in our everyday clinical practice and as professionals we have the responsibility to analyse and examine any ethical problems that may arise. Any decision should be based on ethical principle that protects the best interest of both the patient and the health care provider.

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This paper will outline a critical incident which occurred in one of my clinical experience in intensive care unit icu.it presents the clinical case, identifies the ethical dilemma, and discusses the principles that apply to this situation. Mrs g was a 76 year old woman who was brought to emergency department ed after her carer found her in respiratory distress. The ed doctor noted that the patient was minimally responsive to verbal stimuli, afebrile, normotensive, tachycardic to 130 bpm, and tachypneic to 30 breaths/min.a chest radiograph revealed a right lower lobe consolidation. Based on her old notes it was found out that she had been recently admitted for investigation of significant weight loss and it was found to be a result of advanced bowel cancer ,with lungs, bone and brain metastases. While in ed mrs g's respiratory functions deteriorated and a referral for icu was made.

She was then seen and reviewed by our junior registrar and after discussion from the icu consultant, mrs g was admitted to icu for closer observation. Our writers can help get your essay back on track, take a look at our services to learn more about how we can help. Essay writing service essay marking service place an order document1348097648387819187 . Within 24 hours of being transferred to the icu, mrs g's condition deteriorated rapidly and a decision was made to talk with the family of what we should do in the event of cardiac arrest.

Relatives need to be involved in discussions about end of life issues so that they are fully aware of the appropriate decisions to be made and that all parties involved understand the situation mcdermott, 2002.the son was immediately informed about his mother's condition and it was revealed that mrs g had previously stated to him that she does not want any heroic measures in the event of cardiac arrest. The conversation with mrs g's son over the phone resulted in the decision to initiate a not for resuscitation nfr order. The purpose of the nfr order is to deliberately withhold life saving measures when the patient's respiratory or cardiac function suddenly stops costello, 2002. During my conversation with her she mentioned that she had a distant relation with her mother and not had been in contact with the patient over the past 3 years. But despite of all that she still wanted that everything done document1348097648387819187 for her mother. At this point in time i am not sure whether the daughter was aware of the condition of the patient before admission especially her mother's diagnosis of bowel cancer and the chance of survival is slim knowing it has metastasised to other organs.

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I then told her the need to speak the medical staff and the meeting was arranged for her later that day. The daughter's request for care conflicts with the patient's advance directive and places us in a difficult position of either honouring the patient's wishes or satisfying the daughter's request. The doctor decided to call the patient's son, the health care proxy and legally appointed decision maker for the patient. He was able to reach the son by phone and discussed to him the planned course of treatment. The son emphatically agrees with the icu team's plan to continue the current supportive treatment regimen. He son stated that his mother would not want any aggressive measures, and he agrees to comfort care for the patient.

He said he will speak to his sister about her concerns and will join the arranged meeting later that day. Document1348097648387819187 in analysing a clinical ethical dilemma, the first step is to further characterize the situation in terms of the underlying ethical principles that apply and the possible related ethical concepts that may be involved for example advance directives alfandre, 2007. To understand the decision making process in this case, one must consider the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, normaleficence, and justice. These principles can guide primary care physicians and nurses to implement the care of the dying patients in general rousseau, 2001 basket, 2006 beauchamp amp childress, 2001. The healthcare team consultation meeting held prior to the family conference regarding mrs g's status provided the opportunity for healthcare team members to agree that mrs g was dying. Even if more treatment was attempted for his individual systems, death was the expected outcome for mrs g.

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