Geologic History Research Paper Text

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The yosemite national park and yosemite valley is one of the most unique natural sites in the united states of america. The original land was given to the state of california in 1864 and the park was established on october 1, 1890. Encarta, 2002 the american naturalist john muir was the first to explore and realize the scenic beauty of the valley in 1868 and afterward played a key role in the creation of the yosemite national park. Before 19th century, the area was inhabited by a native american race, the miwok. Before muir, captain joseph r walker and his team explored the area during 1830s. In 1849 a group of miners entered the valley and were confronted by the native miwok people. In 1864, president abraham lincoln handed over the yosemite valley and the mariposa grove of sequoias to california.

Initially the two areas remained under state control and were not included in the original park area. The federal government granted these areas back in 1906 and was then added to the park. Glacial valleys consist of several features formed during the glacial process throughout the centuries. The ice age glaciers appeared in yosemite around 2 million years ago and finally subsided about 10,0 years back. The actual glaciers though, found in yosemite are not the remains of the ice age of 10,0 years back.

The cirques are found there and the glaciers are a product of the period of little ice age from 1700 to 1750. Volcanic activity the volcanic activity in the yosemite ran side by side along with other geological processes and has shaped the present state of the area. At that time the huge quantity of lava and volcanic ash was discharged due to heavy volcanic eruptions and covered the sedimentary rocks. The bedrock structures having the greatest effects on yosemite’s landform development are joints. Although granitic rock is unbroken on a small scale, on a larger scale the rock is broken by joints, which are more or less planar cracks commonly found as sets of parallel fractures in the rock. Regional scale joints commonly determine the orientation of major features of the landscape, such as the planar face of half dome, the series of parallel cliffs at cathedral rocks, and the westward sloping faces of the three brothers.

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In contrast, smaller, outcrop scale joints determine the ease with which rock breaks and erodes. Joints are of overwhelming influence on landform development in granitic terrain because they form greatly contrasting zones of weakness in otherwise homogenous, erosion resistant rock and allow access for water and air to enter and aid in the weathering and disintegration of rock. Aqd.nps.gov the most important structure that influences the erosional form of plutonic rocks consists of joints. During a course of 80 million or more years, these rocks crystallized and cooled down, uplifted and eroded into mountain. There they have been subjected to many disorderly forces and are now broken by a variety of joints. Landforms in and near the yosemite valley reflect the influence of several types of joints, which occur at both outcrop and regional scale. Erosion and mass wasting erosion is a natural process in which rocks and soil material is removed mainly by running water, glaciers, waves, and winds.

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In yosemite valley and its neighboring uplands, the forces of erosion have uncovered, with extraordinary clarity, a highly complex collection of granitic rocks. A number of plutons are now exposed at the earth’s surface due to erosion of the once overlying older rocks. The erosion through stream water and by glaciers is mainly responsible for the formation of major landforms of the yosemite valley. Matthes, f, 1930 the large scale erosion throughout the centuries has shaped the geology of the yosemite valley and gifted it with many features such as magnificent waterfalls, cliffs, and domes. These rock models are the outcome of erosion that occurred and reveal and shaped the rocks into different sculptors. The great variety of erosional features visible today such as the splendid walls promontories and domes of the valley are the result of the varied composition and structure of rocks from which they were carved. The incomparable valley a geologic interpretation of the yosemite: berkeley, university of california press, 1950 peck, d.l.

1966, field trip: yosemite valley and sierra nevada batholith, in geology of northern california, california division of mines and geology, bulletin 190 wahrhaftig. Geomorphology of the yosemite valley region: california division of mines and geology bulletin 182. 1993 2001 microsoft corporation yosemite park history, november 23, 2001, the past tense should be used for the methods section. Describe and define the experimental design provide enough detail for repetition. If the methods are original, describe all of the steps necessary otherwise give only a reference to the methods. Be sure to separate data from interpretation, but problems with data can be discussed. Present the principles, relationships, and generalizations shown by the results make sure to discuss the results, not restate them.

Point out exceptions and define points of ambiguity never try to cover up or change data that does not quite fit. Show how the results relate to the hypotheses show how the results and interpretations agree or disagree with previously published work. Discuss the theoretical implications of the investigation and possible applications. The discussion should end with a short summary regarding the significance of the work, and any further work needed on the topic.

references cited

the list of references cited is just that: more complete information about each of the references you cite in your text, tables, and figures.

Use the style of the geological society of america bulletin for your references cited. Here are some examples look at a recent issue of gsa bulletin for more: journal articles: author, date, title of article: journal, volume, pages. 1995, fluid inclusion constraints on the kinematics of footwall uplift beneath the brenner line normal fault, eastern alps: tectonics, v. 264 278. books: author, date, title of book edition: place of publication, publisher, pages.

1988, the geochemistry of natural waters second edition: englewood cliffs, new jersey, prentice hall, 437 p. edited books: authors, date, title of article, in editors, title of edited book, pages. 1989, tectonic setting of olistostromal units and associated rocks in the talladega slate belt, alabama appalachinas, in horton, j. Melanges and olistostromes of the appalachians: geological society of america special paper 228, p. 247 269 geologic maps: author, date, map name: place of publication, publisher, scale. 1987, geological map of greece, akhladhokhorion sheet: athens, institute of geology and mineral exploration, scale ,0. all references must be cited, and only cited references should be in the list. Never present the same data in more than one way text, table, figure in the same paper. Provide enough information in the caption so the meaning of the data is clear without reference to the text.

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