How to Cite Academic Papers Text

Jonathan Friesen - Writing Coach

When writing citations, your goal is to lead the reader of your paper to the same sources that you used. , you will use a specific citation style guide and specific edition of the style guide  e.g. Each citation style guide uses a specific format to cite articles, books, book chapters, web sites, dissertations, and much more! your professor will tell you which citation style guide to use if they don't and you're unsure which to use, ask your professor.

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But what happens when it needs to be included in an academic paper? until now, you had to do your best to guess the proper citation for tweets in academic papers. Yes that mla format just released its official usage for citing tweets in academic papers. Here it is: mla gives an example using the famous tweet that acknowledged the attack on bin ladens compound in may: athar, sohaib reallyvirtual. In other words, its hard to figure out the proper way to say what time a tweet actually happened.

The date and time of a message on twitter reflect the reader’s time zone. Readers in different time zones see different times and, possibly, dates on the same tweet. The date and time that were in effect for the writer of the tweet when it was transmitted are normally not known. Thus, the date and time displayed on twitter are only approximate guides to the timing of a tweet.

However, they allow a researcher to precisely compare the timing of tweets as long as the tweets are all read in a single time zone. Have you ever included a tweet in an academic paper? will you remember to cite in this new mla format if you do? dont you just love that the instructions include the term tweet. Score 0.00 based on 0 opinions / 8339 views total 0 today wikipedia is arguably world rsquo s largest knowledge repository, with millions of entries on every thinkable subject.

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It is arranged in a quasi scholarly manner and at first glance raises no doubt about the credibility and quality of the information. Many students take the information presented there at its face value and often get penalized by their teaching institutions. The matter is that wikipedia is called a lsquo free encyclopedia rsquo meaning that anyone in the world can sit down at his or her own computer and contribute to the general body of information there.

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Here is what wikipedia says about contributing articles to it: ldquo just about anyone can edit almost any article at any given time, even without logging in rdquo. Consequently, the biggest problem with using this source is information credibility. Credibility of information is one of the cornerstones of academic writing ndash every claim that is being made in an article needs to be backed up with evidence. Such evidence, in turn, should rely on research data obtained in the course of an academic inquiry that has to be realized according to fixed rules. Now, getting back to the lsquo free encyclopedia rsquo there have been numerous cases when students got misguided by using information that was freely available online. As a result, teaching institutions have blacklisted this resource from credible sources of information, tagging it as lsquo inappropriate for scholarly writing rsquo.

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If you school hasn rsquo t made an explicit ban on this source of information, most likely there is an unspoken agreement to avoid it, so double check on it before commencing your writing. The fact that wiki has been banned from academia appears to be bad, yet everything is not as bad as it may seem. Just like about a lsquo regular rsquo encyclopedia, wiki attempts to back up its claims with references for greater credibility. Vast majority of articles there contain a special ldquo references rdquo section that is quite similar to the ldquo references rdquo page of any scholarly entry. However, unlike a recognized scholarly source of information, the references section of the lsquo free encyclopedia rsquo contains references to various sources of information, including both scholarly books articles, research etc and less reputable sources like blogs, websites, forums etc.

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While doing preliminary research for your assignment, you should be able to easily collect some primary data by just looking at the ldquo references rdquo section of wiki. Primary sources ndash are those sources of information that contain results of the actual research, and usually contain all attributes of a scholarly piece of writing, including abstract, literature review, methods, results, discussion etc. This is the kind of information you should be looking at ndash open the references and look at their abstracts to determine whether they meet your needs. Once you find what you need, you should take a look at the ldquo references rdquo section of the article you are interested in and try to look them up online. It will be the second iteration of the reference analysis in your paper that will give you the information you will need for writing your paper.