Essay on Population Growth In Hindi Text

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It has been observed that with the spread of education and greater awareness there is advancement in the marriage age, and larger preference for family planning programmes. Generally all the causes can be divided into three categories like i high birth rate, ii low birth rate, i migration. Early marriage prolongs the childbearing period and this leads to a high rate of growth of population.

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The preceding discussion reveals that the decline in mortality rate has been the chief contributing factor towards the rapid increases in the country apos s population. This rapid growth resulting from widening gap between the births and deaths has visual impact on the composition of the country apos i population. The increasing rural essay writing evaluation criteria unemployment, poverty, deprivation, social tension out migration are alarming signs of the problem.

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The out migration from rural areas is leading crowding of the urban centre, particularly the industrial centers. On an average it has been increasing at a growth rate of 1.95 per cent per annum against 1.8 per cent per annum for the world as a whole and 1.3 per cent for china. Although population estimates are available since 1750 the first census was underв­taken in 1871 giving a population figure of 203 million. Thence onward up to 1901 the population growth rate was very slow varying between 0.09 to the year 1921 is marked as 'demographic divide' between the periods of fluctuating growth and continuous growth. During 1921 to 1951, the population of india increased from 251 million to 361 million.

Thus a population of 110 million was added in a period of thirty years showing an increase of 43.67 per cent. During these thirty years the average annual growth rate of population was 1.45 per cent cf. This was due to control over epidemics and famines owing to improvement in sanitation and medical facilities, food production and transport and communication system. Table 27.11 shows that estimated mortality rate, which stood at 47 per thousand for the country in 1921, was brought down significantly to 27 per thousand in 1951. Thus, the steady increase in population during 1921 51 was the outcome of a sharp decline in the mortality rate, while the fertility rate still remained high around 40 per thousand. The year 1951 is marked as another significant demographic divide in the country's population history characterised with phenomenal growth in the country's population during post independence period. The year is also significant for launching the first census and the first five year plan of the independent india.

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It has increased from 361 million in 1951 to 846 million in 1991, exhibiting an increase of 134.38 per cent during the last 40 years. The averв­age annual exponential growth rate was 2.22 per cent during 1961 71 which fell down to 2.14 per cent during 1981 91. Such an unprecedented increase in the country's population may be attribв­uted to large scale developmental activities, improvв­ing conditions of food supply and medical services bringing further fall in the mortality rate. The estiв­mated mortality rate declined significantly from 27 per thousand in 1951 to 11 per thousand in 1991.

Since the fall in the fertility rate still continued to be gradual, the sharper fall in the mortality rate yielded still greater natural increв­ments. The census of 1991 has revealed a perceptiв­ble change in the country's demographic scene, especially in its growth rate chandna, 1996, p. Although the inter censual decade added 163 million people, which was about 28 million more than the addition during the previous decade of 1971 81, yet in terms of percentage increase the decade of 1981 91 recorded a growth of 23.85 per cent as against 24.66 per cent during the previous decade. This is a healthy sign indicating the beginning of a new era in the country's demographic history. This trend is continuing as is evidenced by the recently held 2001 census which recorded a decadal growth rate of 21.34 per cent during 1991 2001. The preceding discussion reveals that the decline in mortality rate has been the chief contribв­uting factor towards the rapid increases in the counв­try's population. This rapid growth resulting from widening gap between the births and deaths has visual impact on the composition of the country' i population.

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