I am a staff nurse of six years of working experience, attached to a well established private hospital with 200 beds and i am attached to a pediatric ward and currently there are 30 beds available in my unit. Although it is a specialized unit, not all the staffs are specialized in this area. However, all of them need to go through a training period of 6 month and they are required to answer the competency tests from the senior nurses and nurse manager, to be competent in their skills and knowledge. It will help you decide what counts as evidence, put evidence to work in your writing, and determine whether you have enough evidence. Many papers that you write in college will require you to make an argument this means that you must take a position on the subject you are discussing and support that position with evidence.

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It’s important that you use the right kind of evidence, that you use it effectively, and that you have an appropriate amount of it. If, for example, your philosophy professor didn’t like it that you used a survey of public opinion as your primary evidence in your ethics paper, you need to find out more about what philosophers count as good evidence. If your instructor has told you that you need more analysis, suggested that you’re just listing points or giving a laundry list, or asked you how certain points are related to your argument, it may mean that you can do more to fully incorporate your evidence into your argument. Comments like for example?, proof?, go deeper, or expand in the margins of your graded paper suggest that you may need more evidence.

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Let’s take a look at each of these issues understanding what counts as evidence, using evidence in your argument, and deciding whether you need more evidence. Before you begin gathering information for possible use as evidence in your argument, you need to be sure that you understand the purpose of your assignment. If you are working on a project for a class, look carefully at the assignment prompt. Does the instructor mention any particular books you should use in writing your paper or the names of any authors who have written about your topic? how long should your paper be longer works may require more, or more varied, evidence ? what themes or topics come up in the text of the prompt? our handout on understanding writing assignments can help you interpret your assignment.

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It’s also a good idea to think over what has been said about the assignment in class and to talk with your instructor if you need clarification or guidance. Instructors in different academic fields expect different kinds of arguments and evidence your chemistry paper might include graphs, charts, statistics, and other quantitative data as evidence, whereas your english paper might include passages from a novel, examples of recurring symbols, or discussions of characterization in the novel. Consider what kinds of sources and evidence you have seen in course readings and lectures. You may wish to see whether the writing center has a handout regarding the specific academic field you’re working in for example, literature , sociology. A note on terminology: many researchers distinguish between primary and secondary sources of evidence in this case, primary means first or original, not most important. Primary sources include original documents, photographs, interviews, and so forth. Secondary sources present information that has already been processed or interpreted by someone else.

For example, if you are writing a paper about the movie the matrix, the movie itself, an interview with the director, and production photos could serve as primary sources of evidence. A movie review from a magazine or a collection of essays about the film would be secondary sources. Depending on the context, the same item could be either a primary or a secondary source: if i am writing about people’s relationships with animals, a collection of stories about animals might be a secondary source if i am writing about how editors gather diverse stories into collections, the same book might now function as a primary source. Here are some examples of sources of information and tips about how to use them in gathering evidence. Ask your instructor if you aren’t sure whether a certain source would be appropriate for your paper.

Books, journals, websites, newspapers, magazines, and documentary films are some of the most common sources of evidence for academic writing. Our handout on evaluating print sources will help you choose your print sources wisely, and the library has a tutorial on evaluating both print sources and websites. A librarian can help you find sources that are appropriate for the type of assignment you are completing. Just visit the reference desk at davis or the undergraduate library or chat with a librarian online the library’s im screen name is undergradref.

Sometimes you can directly observe the thing you are interested in, by watching, listening to, touching, tasting, or smelling it. For example, if you were asked to write about mozart’s music, you could listen to it if your topic was how businesses attract traffic, you might go and look at window displays at the mall. An interview is a good way to collect information that you can’t find through any other type of research. An interview can provide an expert’s opinion, biographical or first hand experiences, and suggestions for further research. Surveys allow you to find out some of what a group of people thinks about a topic.

Designing an effective survey and interpreting the data you get can be challenging, so it’s a good idea to check with your instructor before creating or administering a survey. For scientific experiments, you should follow the specific guidelines of the discipline you are studying. For writing in other fields, more informal experiments might be acceptable as evidence.

For example, if you want to prove that food choices in a cafeteria are affected by gender norms, you might ask classmates to undermine those norms on purpose and observe how others react. What would happen if a football player were eating dinner with his teammates and he brought a small salad and diet drink to the table, all the while murmuring about his waistline and wondering how many fat grams the salad dressing contained? using your own experiences can be a powerful way to appeal to your readers. You should, however, use personal experience only when it is appropriate to your topic, your writing goals, and your audience. Personal experience should not be your only form of evidence in most papers, and some disciplines frown on using personal experience at all. For example, a story about the microscope you received as a christmas gift when you were nine years old is probably not applicable to your biology lab report.

After you introduce evidence into your writing, you must say why and how this evidence supports your argument. In other words, you have to explain the significance of the evidence and its function in your paper. What turns a fact or piece of information into evidence is the connection it has with a larger claim or argument: evidence is always evidence for or against something, and you have to make that link clear. As writers, we sometimes assume that our readers already know what we are talking about we may be wary of elaborating too much because we think the point is obvious. But readers can’t read our minds: although they may be familiar with many of the ideas we are discussing, they don’t know what we are trying to do with those ideas unless we indicate it through explanations, organization, transitions, and so forth.

Try to spell out the connections that you were making in your mind when you chose your evidence, decided where to place it in your paper, and drew conclusions based on it. Remember, you can always cut prose from your paper later if you decide that you are stating the obvious. here are some questions you can ask yourself about a particular bit of evidence: