The relevant citation principles follow section 3 800 provides both basic examples and further samples from a diversity of major u.s. Journal article citations 150 most common form bb alwd principle: the components of a journal article citation are, in order: 2 810 a examples window restore element a the full name of the contributing author followed by a comma works by more than two authors are cited using the first author's name and et al. Middle names are not reduced to initials unless that is how they appear in the original work e.g. 2 810 b examples window restore element b the article title in full italicized or underlined followed by a comma, with all words other than prepositions and conjunctions begun with a capital letter e.g. If the journal has no separate volume number but is paginated consecutively through a year's issues use the year as the volume number e.g. 2 810 e examples window restore element e the page number s the first page of the article always appears e.g. If the citation is to a portion of the article, those pages should be listed as well, set off from the first page with a comma e.g.

2 810 f examples window restore element f the year of publication in parentheses unless it is contained in the volume number e.g. Journal material other than articles by contributing authors is cited in similar form with the following differences of detail: 2 820 1 examples window restore special case 1 150 student writing by a named student: the category or type of piece is added after author's name set off by commas e.g. The piece is identified only by category if there is no title or only a long digest like heading e.g. 2 820 2 examples window restore special case 2 150 unsigned student writing: the category or type of piece is indicated where author's name would appear e.g. 2 820 3 examples window restore special case 3 150 book reviews: if the review is by an author who is not student editor, the core citation is followed by a parenthetical simply identifying the piece as a book review or indicating the work reviewed e.g. If the review by a student editor, it is cited like other student journal writing and given the category book note e.g. 2 820 4 examples window restore special case 4 150 symposia and the like: articles that are part of a symposium or survey are cited independently unless the name of the symposium must be added to the title of the article for its scope to be clear.

If the symposium or survey is cited as a unit, include the appropriate category label before the title of the unit unless the title already includes the term e.g. 2 820 5 examples window restore special case 5 150 tributes, dedications and other specially labeled articles: with articles carrying a designation like tribute, dedication, or commentary, that label should be added after author's name set off by commas e.g. If there is no named author, the designation is indicated where the author's name would appear e.g. 2 820 6 examples window restore special case 6 150 articles in journals with separate pagination in each issue: with articles appearing in journals that have separate, nonconsecutive pagination in each issue or in special issues that are separately paginated, the volume number is not indicated, but the issue is identified by the date, as it appears on the cover, set off by commas, following the journal name e.g.

citation practices and the bluebook

quoting naming adducing as proof summoning calling attention to legal power or right weight of testimony root: author v.

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Original writer, creator when do legally trained readers expect citations to authority? to support a legal assertion to identify an authority that is described in specific terms e.g. State federal statute supersedes state statute on the same subject in the event of a conflict u.s. Panel 3 judge opinion per curiam opinion by the court without individual judicial authorship memorandum court disposition without opinion unpublished opinion not published in a reporter other considerations affecting weight iv case law nature of court ruling/statement on issue: holding v. Implicit holding other considerations affecting weight secondary authority restatements reflect the law among a majority of jurisdictions adds to persuasiveness critical and analytic commentaries more often found in scholarly treatises and law review articles are weightier than more descriptive surveys and summaries of the law, e.g. Set off by commas, immediately following proposition they refer to p.2 the structure of a case citation szekeres v. 2004 the structure of a case citation: full citation form case name rule 10.2 reporter name, volume, and page rule 10.3, 3.2, 3.3 parenthetical with name of court rendering opinion and jurisdiction, if not clear from reporter rule 10.4 . 2004 omit given names or initials of individual litigants rule 10.2.1 g if the case is a consolidation of two or more actions, cite only the first one listed rule 10.2.1 a omit all parties other than first listed on each side, and omit words indicating multiple parties, such as et al.

2004 citation to a reporter designates the volume number rules 10.3.2, 3.2 citation includes abbreviated name of the reporter table 1 insert a space between supp. F.3d rule 6.1 a citation includes page on which the report begins rules 10.3.2, 3.3 a szekeres v. p.4 a the structure of a short form citation ii use id.

When it begins a citation sentence but not if it appears within a sentence run the italics or underline under the period if specific page you cite is the same as preceding citation, just cite as id. rule 4.1, p.4 a short form citation ii if no intervening citations, you can shorten citation to page 1247 of giron v. rule 4.1, p.4 a some review of the rules: giron v. 1998 omit given name of individual litigant rule 10.2.1 g abbreviate business designations rule 10.2.1 c include designations of national or larger geographical areas except in union names rule 10.2.1 f no space between single adjacent capitals note court abbreviation in parenthetical rule 6.1 a more on abbreviations: giron v. Abbreviate words in case names further according to table 6 and abbreviate geographical unit, unless the unit itself is a named party, according to table 11 rule 10.2.2 giron v. more information lexis nexis interactive citation workstation this site provides a guide to correct citation usage, featuring numerous interactive exercises.

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introduction to basic legal citation this cornell university site provides extensive information on citation form, based on the current edition of the bluebook. On a lark, i looked at the table of authorities for about two hundred party briefs filed in the past six months at the federal circuit. Out of the two hundred briefs, only two law review articles were cited mdash three if you count a citation to john duffy rsquo s patently o patent l.j. This result goes along with the rule of thumb for federal circuit appellate briefs mdash cite only federal circuit cases unless you have a compelling reason to do otherwise. When submitting a piece of academic work, you need to properly acknowledge the material that you have consulted. This allows others who read your work to verify facts or research the same information more easily.

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You must reference your sources whenever you quote, paraphrase, or use someone else 39 s ideas or words. Information that you need to collect in order to prepare a citation can include details such as author title journal name page numbers publication information citations of internet materials that are not also available in print should also include a url. Primary sources, such as cases and legislation, should not include an url even when available online. There are many sources of information this guide describes the more commonly used ones for law. To find out more about why citing and referencing appropriately is crucial, and how you can avoid unintentional plagiarism, take a look at the demystifying citing and referencing online tutorial, and the short guide me clip, legal writing: to cite or not to cite. read this article by monash law lecturers, becky batagol and melissa castan, did you know.

51 1 to 50 of 157 commentauthor aa commenttime feb 11th 2008 i have installed the latest version but there are many problems. Book citation: the author's name is not in small caps should be , there is a colon. Before the page number should not be , in articles the journal name does not appear at all, the indention is not accroding to the bb style etc. Any idea when an upfated version might be ready? commentauthor bdarcus commenttime feb 12th 2008 ok, i fixed your problems 1 and 2. I'm not seeing your problem 3, and don't understand the indentation issue, nor exactly how to deal with the subsequent citations right now it will just print the author. If you're adventurous, you can load it in csledit.xul and see if you can work out how to fix details on your own. Here are some things: citing an article out of a book has its own rules so should have an independent entry.

The rules are: author, indented article name, comma, not indented in indented book citation small caps, like regular book citation page number for the article in the book, page number of specific reference in article year. Also, in books, if the publication date refers to a later edition, there should be an option of adding, in square brackets, after the whole citation, the year of original publication. Many thanks commentauthor bdarcus commenttime feb 17th 2008 citing an article out of a book has its own rules so should have an independent entry. I have a copy of the bluebook that someone here kindly sent to me , and i'm not seeing this. The examples in the inside cover, for example, indicate a rather standard in and then the containing item is simply printed inline. Can you point me to exactly where it explains this further? also, in books, if the publication date refers to a later edition, there should be an option of adding, in square brackets, after the whole citation, the year of original publication.

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