Essay About Kurdish Culture Text

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The arab world straddles two continents, asia and africa, and its long coastline gives it access to critical waterways. The region offers a variety of climatic conditions from dry to seasonal rainfalls in morocco, tunisia and the mountains of lebanon. The most import products are wheat, dates, rice, and olive oil, which are main ingredients in the arab cuisine.

Although there are differences between the arab people from morocco to the persian gulf, arab people enjoy a common bond of history, culture and tradition. It was in the arab world where people first developed the system of writing scientific advances were also developed. The arab culture has had many influences but islam has shaped the culture like no other. The message of islam appeared for the first time in the arabian peninsula in the early seventh century, and soon the faith expanded across north africa, the entire middle east and extended to the borders of china. In fact, while most of europe was in the dark ages, the arab/islamic civilization was at its most glorious moment, making significant contributions to science, arts and the humanities that are still very alive in the world. Today, most of the ancient cities, such as marrakech and baghdad with its great flavors and customs, still exist and modern cities have been developed beside them.

Unfortunately, they carry with them the common problem! of modernization like overpopulation and pollution. The middle east is an area of international concern for several reasons: strategic location, oil resources, and the recurring political instability. It is also the birthplace of three great religions: christianity, judaism, and islam.

The region is composed of fifteen nations and four major languages: arabic, hebrew, turkish an washington mdash at a time when we feel special compassion for the homeless, let us consider a whole people without a home the 17 million kurdish people, a nation without a country. Nowhere in the world can you find a distinct ethnic group, its language and culture over 1,0 years old, so systematically persecuted by persian, arab and turkish regimes. A world delirious with the outbreak of freedom in eastern europe is oblivious to the obliteration of a valiant people in the middle east. Iran sent a team of assassins to vienna to wipe out the three kurdish leaders in europe who dared to organize a protest conference. Turkey, our nato ally, stamps out kurdish culture among what it calls ''mountain turks'' and does little for starving refugees from iraq. The dictator of iraq, saddam hussein, is the most zealous of all in punishing villagers who dared to live in oil rich areas. He bulldozed their houses, literally wiped their cities off the map, deported thousands to deserts in the south of his country and declared the cleared areas ''free fire zones'' where any kurd is a target.

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Only the kurds, lest we forget, were the victims in our time of a massive poison gas assault on civilians. Uncounted thousands of men, women and children fell in the iraqi dictator's mustard gas massacre in halabja. How has the united states government responded to this continual rape of human rights? our export import bank has provided a $200 million line of credit to iraq our department of agriculture has provided $1 billion in commodity credits to saddam's cash short regime our state department, eager to woo iraq, turns a blind eye to the suffering of the people being told to assimilate or die. The united nations bureaucracy, well aware of the atrocities, refuses even to investigate or to put the kurdish question on the international agenda. Kurdistan, you see, is not a member it is only an area whose people have been promised autonomy since woodrow wilson issued the fourteen points. Danielle mitterrand lent her prestige last month to a meeting called to protest the inhumane international silence.

In washington, senator daniel inouye won an amendment last week to ex im bank regulations stopping loans to terrorist nations unless the president specifically requests a waiver ''in the national interest'' which mr. But where are all the people who believe so fervently in the right of self determination? the ignored kurds would leap at the chance for autonomy and cultural identity long spurned as insufficient by heavily publicized palestinian spokesmen. The free elections now being offered palestinians are beyond the wildest dreams of oppressed kurds. Expulsion if israel were accused of inflicting 1 percent of the atrocities on arabs that iraq has demonstrably inflicted on kurds? such selective outrage on our part is hypocrisy: palestinians and kurds alike are entitled to self rule and respect for their culture on the way to settlement of sovereignty issues. Say a word in behalf of the kurdish people's right to live in their villages and speak their own language, even if this assertion of our moral values upsets some of their oppressors in baghdad, ankara, teheran and damascus. Delegate to sponsor and campaign for a human rights commission investigation of population relocation crimes. In the face of arab and persian intransigence, but might just shame the membership into action.

Suspend all department of agriculture commodity credit guarantees to iraq, and not on human rights grounds alone: something fishy may be going on with u.s. Designate 5 percent of our refugee slots to kurds, who better than most polish or hungarian dissidents, or soviet jews can now claim ''a well founded fear of persecution.'' this would bring 6,0 kurds to america, enough to stage a protest on tv. On the day americans give thanks for our freedom, the least we can do is to give hope to the homeless nation. The 25 million kurds are the largest ethnicity in the world without a state of its own. Promised but never granted their own country after wwi, kurds now live in parts of turkey, syria, iraq, iran, armenia and azerbaijan. The government of turkey spends us$6 billion a year fighting its kurdish separatists.

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Saddam hussein's iraq has tried to wipe out its four million kurds altogether: some 300,0 kurdish civilians disappeared between 1983 and 1987. Then iraq launched a religious war against them complete with chemical weapons , razing 4,0 villages and killing another 100,0 kurds. Many of those who survived are now starving, thanks to the un's embargo against iraq. Turkey continues to deny that kurds have a separate ethnic identity the official storey is that kurds are turks who got lost in the mountains and forgot they were turkish. The traditional kurdish shoe is called a klash kurdish music is central to daily life.

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Almost every human activity has its song, played on flutes, drums and the ut ut a kind of guitar. Sivan perwar, the star of kurdish pop, sells millions of tapes throughout former kurdistan and abroad. Text from colors magazine and image by ed kashi/jb pictures/rapha the vast kurdish homeland of about 230,0 square miles is about the areas of germany and britain combined, or roughly equal to france or texas. Kurdistan consists basically of the mountainous areas of the central and northern zagros, the eastern one third of the taurus and pontus, and the northern half of the amanus ranges. The symbiosis between the kurds and their mountains has been so strong that they have become synonymous: kurds home ends where the mountains end. There are also two large kurdish enclaves in central and north central anatolia in turkey and in the province of khurasan in northeast iran.the mean annual precipitation is 60 80 inches per year in the central regions and 20 40 inches on the descent to the lower elevations. Most precipitation is in form of snow, which can fall for six months of the year, becoming the resource for many great rivers, such as the tigris and the euphrates in an otherwise arid middle east.

The overall mean annual temperature is 55 65 degrees fahrenheit, getting cooler as one ascends the central massifs. The land, once almost totally forested, has been massively cleared, especially in this century, with inevitable soil erosion and parched landscape. Contrary to the heavy damage sustained by the woodlands, the pasture lands remain in reasonably good condition and continue to be a productive to a nomadic herding economy alongside the basic agriculture. Despite its mountainous nature, kurdistan has more arable land proportionately than most middle eastern countries. This may well explain the fact that the very invention of agriculture took place primarily in kurdistan around 12,0 years ago.

The revolution accompanied speedy domestication of almost all basic cereals and livestocks in the region with the notable exception of cows and rice. Kurds are now predominantly of mediterranean racial stock, resembling southern europeans and the levantines in skin, general coloring and physiology. There is yet a persistent recurrence of two racial substrata: a darker aboriginal palaeo caucasian element, and more localized occurrence of blondism of the alpine type in the heartland of kurdistan. The aryanization of the aboriginal palaeo caucasian kurds, linguistically, culturally and racially, seems to have begun by the beginning of the 2nd millennium bc, with the continuous immigration and settlement of indio european speaking tribes, such as the hittites, mitannis, haigs, medes, persian, scythians and alans. The process was more or less complete by the beginning of the christian era, by which time the kurds had absorbed enough iranic blood and culture, particularly median and alan, to form the basis physical typology and culturalidentity. Kurds are speakers of kurdish, a member of the northwestern subdivision of the iranic branch of the indo europian family of languages, which is akin to persian, and by extension to other europian languages. Modern kurdish divides into two major groups: 1 the kurmanji group and, 2 the dimili gurani group.