I believe that that is partly because we have a sense that paying your tax is a civic duty. That was evidenced by what happened when we had self assessment and people ended up paying more tax, which was a reﬂection of the civic duty. I wondered whether you had done any studies into what impact the revelations about companies failing to pay their tax has had on individuals’ willingness to pay their tax, and whether you have looked at.

oceanography term paper suggestions

each paper must have a purpose, and that purpose must be stated at the beginning so the reader knows what to look for. Possible purposes might be: 1 to present a survey of satellite remote sensing techniques used in oceanography, or 2 to argue that human pollutants are destroying coral reefs. The paper topic should have greater depth than the coverage that that topic receives in class.

The paper should include the writer's own conclusions and not be merely a book report. At least three sources should be used and properly cited with footnotes or scientific citations reynolds 1985 , and a bibliography should appear at the end of the paper. Papers should be about 7 10 pages in length, but this is not a rigid requirement, and they will be graded only on content.

You are encouraged to write your paper on computer because of the ease in making corrections and alterations. Computers and word processing software are available for student use in the library breezeway and other locations on campus. The two main objectives of the paper are to research a topic and to write a well structured report on it.

As you consider what topic to write on, make sure that appropriate library materials on that topic are available. library of congress call numbers for oceanographic collections

gc main collection on oceanography qc 879 meteorology and atmosphere/ocean chemistry qe 39 marine geology ql 1 640 biology of marine organisms use the computerized index to find library materials on a specific topic. The list is by no means exhaustive, however, and you are free to choose any topic as long as it has relevance to oceanography. If you choose one of these topics, you still need to decide on the focus the purpose of the paper. Jenan kharbush of scripps institution for oceanography followed with a presentation on the disastrous deepwater horizon oil spill in the gulf of mexico.

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The incident, bp and government response, large dilute areas of oil at great depth, dead and dying corals, use of dispersants, and the large body of unknowns associated with dispersants and oil in these quantities were all covered. And bringing it all together was gwen noda of the centers for ocean science education excellence cosee west who offered a very thorough list of resources for educators and presented a number of hands on examples for teaching ocean science concepts on ships. The list of resources assembled for this session are available on the cosee website at add url here. She talked about cosee’s role in connecting scientists to educators and encouraged all to take advantage of cosee’s resources. Ken neal of call of the sea talked briefly about curriculum elements they have added to programs aboard seaward and his work on education units for ocean power. Jan wagner added that sea will be working on a shipboard program in the gulf this spring and spoke briefly about sea’s historical work with tarballs.

From oil spills in the gulf to climate change, there are numerous topics relevant to the waters we sail. Come learn about current hot topics in marine science and oceanography and leave with resources to enrich your shipboard program. Student in the emmett interdisciplinary program for environment and resources at stanford university. Austin researches the risks and vulnerabilities that climate change pose to seaports and the socio political systems that depend upon them.

To understand how best to approach climate change adaptation, he works across the fields of engineering, policy, sociology, and climate science. He earned a master of marine affairs 2005 and master of environmental science and management 2006 at the university of rhode island. Before returning to graduate school, he worked as a captain in the sloop providence and various other sailing ships. jenan kharbush, scripps institution of oceanography in san diego my fascination with the ocean and its contents from whales to microbes to molecules began when i was a child growing up in wisconsin. Despite these landlocked origins, i have always felt a strong but inexplicable connection to the ocean. I remember reading rachel carsons the sea around us as a child and wanting desperately to see the things she described for myself. I learned about seas sea semester while attending ripon college in wisconsin and, perhaps driven by some lingering recollection of my childhood dreams, decided on what was probably the most extreme semester abroad program option possible: sailing onboard the robert c.

Although those six weeks four without sight of land! flew by, i think they were probably the happiest days of my life. And one night on bow watch, watching the bioluminescence in the water, i decided i wanted to make a career out of studying the ocean. I am now a second year graduate student in the marine chemistry phd program at scripps institution of oceanography in san diego. Currently i am exploring the connections between the activities of marine microbes and the inventory of organic molecules found in the oceans, in an effort to learn more about the large scale cycling of nutrients that affects all life in the oceans. Eventually, i would like to help educate others about the ocean and its importance to all of us, as well as somehow finding a way to incorporate more sailing trips into my future research. gwen noda, ucla, cosee west gwen is the co director at ucla for cosee west, just one of a network of cosee centers for ocean sciences education excellence centers around the united states that is funded by the national science foundation. she earned both a b.a.

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In biology from ucla. she has worked and volunteered in a variety of field and lab science research positions as well as in informal and formal education settings, including shipboard instruction and summer outdoor science camp in the sierra nevada. her current volunteer efforts are dedicated to diving in the kelp forest exhibit in the new ecosystems wing at the california science center. It as an earth scientific unit normally referred to as marine science that deals with all aspects concerning the ocean. The ocean covers a great margin of topics, which include the marine organisms, the ocean currents, the dynamics of the ocean ecosystem, the waves, the geology of the ocean floor and the plate tectonics, and the fluxes of the various physical and chemical substances within the ocean and its environs. The variety of the topics provides the researchers and the oceanographers with the choice and chance to major or specialize in a field of their choice as they explore what oceans really hold.

To understand the main components of the ocean and the process involved, one is required to have vast knowledge in such fields as geography, physics, chemistry as well as geology and meteorology. This is to imply that water controls a great portion of our normal activities either directly or indirectly. Hurricanes occur due to pressure difference in the ocean and alteration in the tectonic plates. Research shows that they cannot be avoided but caution should be taken because they are very severe when they occur.

It is the strongest known storm on earth with the greatest intensity and impact of damages and losses. It is a cyclonic or rotary storm, which usually gets the energy from cloud formation and rainfall. It should be differentiated from mid latitude storms, which derive their energy from a temperature gradient.

The strongest hurricanes release energy that is equivalent of one 10 megaton nuclear bomb exploding every 20 minutes. This shows how strong and severe they are and how brutal they can be on the surfaces. A hurricane has varied names depending on the location and strength, the nature of effects as well as the period at which it takes place. A hurricane is normally referred to by many other names, such as tropical cyclone, typhoon, cyclonic storm, tropical depression, tropical storm, or simply cyclone. The term tropical is used to refer to both the geographic origin of these systems, which form almost entirely in tropical areas, and the nature of formation. With a rotation that is counterclockwise north of the equator and clockwise south of the equator.